Next to drinking water, rice consumption is a major source of arsenic that concerns approximately 3 billion people. Studies show that arsenic exposure is more critical in rice than in any other food stuff. For example, the arsenic level in rice is 10 times higher than in wheat and barley. In addition to direct ingestion, using rice straw for cattle feed increases the risk of arsenic exposure. The toxicity of arsenic depends not only on the total concentration, but also its chemical forms as these differ in terms of mobility, toxicity and bioavailability.
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