In the tableting process for pharmaceuticals, it sometimes happens that the active pharmaceutical ingredient reacts with materials used as excipients, such as sugar or starch, and dehydration reactions, polymorph transitions and other processes may occur due to the pressure during tableting. In recent years, a need has arisen to check, in the shortest possible time, whether or not the active pharmaceutical ingredient maintains its original crystal system, and whether or not there are polymorph impurities. Furthermore, this must be done in the tableting process, while maintaining the tablet form. Therefore, we used a powder X-ray diffractometer to non-destructively measure the state of tablets in their original form, and evaluate the presence of the contained active pharmaceutical ingredient and polymorph impurities. By using a transmission-type parallel beam optical system, it is possible to obtain an accurate diffraction profile which does not depend on the sample form, and acquire information not only from the outside, but also from the inside of tablets. As a result of measurement, it was found that if polymorph impurities of the active pharmaceutical ingredient are about 1%, then their presence in the tablets could be confirmed in a measurement time of less than 10 minutes.
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