SCP SCIENCE acquired the CONOSTAN® brand in 2007, adding its line of elements-in-oil standards to the SCP SCIENCE group of products. The CONOSTAN® Division of SCP SCIENCE is the world’s leading manufacturer and marketer of Elements in Oil standards and related spectroscopy products. The CONOSTAN® leading industry position is derived from superior product chemistry, manufacturing technology, and blending techniques. CONOSTAN® products are used extensively in the calibration and operation of analytical instruments for the analysis of elements in oil and other organic fluids. CONOSTAN® is the only source of metallo-organic standards in the history of the National Institute of Standards…
The majority of high-voltage transformers, cables, switchgears, transducers, capacitors, and rectifiers use insulating oils for insulating electrically live parts and to carry off thermal energy. The quality of the insulating oil must be checked at regular intervals to ensure a long equipment service life. The most important requirement of an insulating oil is a high dielectric strength. Determination of the dielectric breakdown voltage of insulating oils provides an early detection method for any reduction in the insulating properties. · Conforms to ASTM D877, D1816 and related test specifications · Output voltage: 75kV · Colour display for optimal readability and mobility…
The ability of a turbine, hydraulic, or lubricating oil to separate entrained air is a key performance characteristic in applications where agitation causes a dispersion of air bubbles in the oil. To determine air release properties, the sample is heated to a specified test temperature and blown with compressed air. After the air flow is stopped, the time required for the air entrained in the oil to reduce in volume to 0.2% is the air bubble separation time. The Koehler Air Release Value Apparatus consists of a test vessel and air flow control equipment for delivering heated air at the…
The UniMill model of Technoorg ion mills has been designed for extremely rapid preparation of high-quality TEM/XTEM samples with unsurpassed high thinning rate. The design of the instrument enables both rapid milling with the ultra-high-energy noble gas ion source and final polishing and cleaning with the patented low-energy ion gun. Easy to use and automated operation Widest energy range on the market (100 eV- 16 keV) Load-lock system for fast sample exchange LN2 or Peltier cooling option Online monitoring and support “Dual function” The wide energy range of the ion sources allows extremely high milling rate and gentle cleaning function…
Gentle Mill is a dedicated model with unique design for end-polishing pre-prepared TEM and/or FIB samples. The patented low-energy ion source and the special sample holder help to reach the ultimate quality for any demand. Automated operation Final step for perfect result protective transfer capsule Special adaptor for Hitachi microscopes Online monitoring and support Automated operation The advanced software of Gentle Mill provides fully computer control with a detailed graphical interface. All milling parameters can be stored or pre-programmed in arbitrary number of steps. This fully automated feature of the Gentle Mill allows to produce high-quality samples with minimum user…
The MicroLab® combines automation and artificial intelligence in an all-in-one oil analysis tool, making on-site oil analysis possible for any fleet. Simple to use – no special operator required Fast – results in less than 15 minutes Easy to read reports – color-coded alarms and maintenance actions MicroLab 40 is designed primarily for fleets operating equipment with hydraulic components or heavy equipment gears and transmissions. This would include off-road mining and construction vehicles as well as over-the-road equipment with hydraulics such as bucket trucks, fire engine ladder trucks or any type of lorry and HGV. The MicroLab 40 is also…
Overview Key Application Overview The PRIMUS IV is the latest generation of Optics Above Sample high powered WD-XRF from RIGAKU and superceeded the PRIMUS II As a tube-above sequential wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, the new Rigaku ZSX Primus IV offers fast quantitative determination of major, minor and trace elements from beryllium (Be) through uranium (U), in a wide variety of sample types — with minimal standards. KEY Features • Analysis of elements from Be to U • ZSX Guidance expert system software • Digital multi-channel analyzer (D-MCA) • EZ Analysis interface for routine measurements • Tube above optics minimizes…
Description Specification Description RIGAKU Online Sulfur Analysis: Advanced X-ray Transmission (XRT) Sulfur Gauge—for Crude Oil, Marine Bunker Fuel and Blending Operations Rigaku’s NEX XT is the next generation process gauge for high-level sulfur measurement (0.02% to 6% S) of crude, bunker fuel, fuel oils, and other highly viscous hydrocarbons. On-Line Sulfur Gauge This versatile, compact and robust X-ray Transmission (XRT) process gauge is specifically optimized for the sulfur analysis needs of refineries, pipelines, blending operations, bunkering terminals and other storage facilities. Applications for the NEX XT include bunker fuel blending to meet MARPOL Annex VI sulfur restrictions, interface detection of…
Oil analysis provides early indications of equipment wear mechanisms and identifies the root causes of corrosion. On-site oil analysis eliminates the wait associated with sending samples off-site and enables immediate decision making. The MiniLab 53 delivers comprehensive on-site oil analysis, providing immediate actionable results, saving time and reducing costs. The MiniLab 53 answers the questions: • Is it the right oil? • Is the oil clean? • Is it dry? • Is it fit for use? • …and most importantly – Is the machine in good condition? The MiniLab 53 seamlessly integrates with the on-board TruVu 360™ software module. Samples,…
The Spectro Q5800 is a rugged, portable expeditionary fluid analysis system that gives operators in the field the ability to perform comprehensive, mobile lubricant sampling. The battery-powered device enables complete lubricant assessment for condition monitoring and rapid results that permit informed maintenance decisions. The Q5800 includes three major components: • A Filtration Particle Quantifier (FPQ) unit that provides particle counts as well as abnormal wear metal analysis using XRF technology. • A solvent-free kinematic viscometer at 40°C that measures lubricant kinematic viscosity. • An infrared spectrometer featuring an innovative flip-top cell which tests for TAN/TBN, water content, soot, oxidation and…
Introduction For almost 30 years, Spectro Scientific has specialised in the development of instruments for machine condition monitoring based on oil and fuel analysis. Spectro’s sole focus has been to design and market instruments optimised for one application, rather than general purpose instruments that can be used for a variety of applications. All SpectrOils are user-friendly and reliable; they are the workhorses of commercial and military oil analysis laboratories that require the rapid analysis of wear metals, contaminants and additives in lubricants. SpectrOils measure trace quantities of elements dissolved or suspended as fine particles in natural or synthetic petroleum-based products…
SpectroFluidscan Q1000 was made possible due to years of experience and extensive research and development based on the customer’s need to have an on-site lubricant analysis capability. FluidScan represents the state-of-the-art in infrared technology and can be used to quickly check the condition of lubricants such as hydraulic fluids, engine oils, turbine oils and gear oils for degradation and the presence of contaminants. The Spectro Fluidscan Q1000 is a handheld condition-based maintenance monitor that protects machinery by determining when a lubricant needs to be changed due to excessive contamination or degradation. Its detection capabilities can determine lubrication contamination, degradation and…
Application • Machine condition-based monitoring Description • particle counter • wear particle classifier • ferrous monitor The Spectro LNF Q200 series features LaserNetFines™, the world’s best particle counter technology. With an intuitive, configurable GUI and no calibration required, the Q200 series is fast, accurate and easy to use. Sample preparation is efficient with the LNF. Viscosities up to 320cSt can be processed without dilution due to the wide dynamic range. And unlike conventional light blockage particle counters, there are no flow control valves that need adjusting when testing different sample viscosities. The advanced design makes it much more than just…
Application • Machine condition based monitoring Description The SpectroT2FM Q500 Analytical Ferrography Laboratory is a complete analytical system for the separation and interpretation of wear and contaminant particles in used lubricant oils, hydraulic fluids, coolants and fuels. It consists of the T2FM Ferrogram maker, a bichromatic microscope, video camera and image capture software. The SpectroT2FM Q500 is fast because there is no delay time as sample is pumped through plastic tubing before reaching the ferrogram surface. The T2FM delivers the entire sample and all the particles contained therein onto the ferrogram surface. A crystal clear rinse is obtained without fail…
The devices are designed to determine kinematic viscosity in the field for applications where immediate results are essential for determining the health of critical equipment. SpectroVisc Q3000 viscometers use a patented split cell design that enables measurement of kinematic viscosity using only a few drops (60µL) of oil. Application: The SpectroVisc Q3000 series viscometers are portable, solvent-free, temperature-controlled kinematic viscometers, providing high-accuracy measurements for easy detection of viscosity variations caused by contamination, mix-up and oil degradation. The SpectroVisc Q3000 series includes two models: • SpectroVisc Q3000 portable viscometer 10-350 cSt @ 40° C • SpectroVisc Q3050 portable viscometer 1-700 cSt…
The Q6000 Fuel Dilution Meter (FDM) is a portable fuel dilution meter that can be used in the laboratory or in the field to provide rapid and accurate measurements of fuel contamination in engine oil. The Q6000 was designed with a patent-protected sampling method using an innovative ‘fang’ design. The sampling occurs using a headspace system with repeatability of <+5 percent RSD up to 15 percent fuel content. The headspace vapour sampling approach also eliminates the need to heat fuel-laden samples and does not require the use of solvents. Fuel dilution in lubrication oil can cause serious engine damage. For…
The MicroNIR Onsite from VIAVI (ex JDSU) is the world’s smallest NIR spectrometer. The ‘fit for purpose’ design allows the user to apply NIR in a way never seen before. The MicroNIR family of spectrometers is the next generation of ultra-compact near-infrared spectrometer sensors and analysers, solving customer needs across multiple industries. The pharmaceutical, agriculture and chemical industries have deployed the MicroNIR spectrometer for real-time, non-intrusive chemical and physical analysis of materials and monitoring of processes. This has resulted in improved quality control, reduced costs and faster decision-making. The MicroNIR spectrometer’s small form factor, its cost-effectiveness, exceptional performance and ease…
The MicroNIR PAT is an ultra-compact, near-infrared (NIR) wireless spectrometer covering 950 – 1650 nm for on-line process monitoring applications in the pharmaceutical, food, and chemical industries. It is suitable for batch processes. The MicroNIR PAT also allows continuous manufacturing processes that use multiple NIR sensors across an entire process flow. Pharma applications includes monitoring blend uniformity, drying conditions, and API concentrations in blenders, fluid bed dryers, and tableting. The MicroNIR PAT is available as a wired or wireless device. The MicroNIR PAT WIFI: • non-destructive, non-invasive, and real-time near-infrared analysis • user-selectable WiFi or Ethernet for system control and…
Parr Instrument Company offer laboratory scale pressure vessels without mechanical internal stirring. These autoclaves, (referred to as ‘general purpose vessels’), are provided in several convenient sizes and cover a wide temperature and pressure range (shown below) to allow the researcher’s specific application to be carried out. Examples of the uses of these vessels are: Simple organic chemistry pressurised reactions Many organic chemists use our general purpose vessels for carrying out hydrogenations where they heat and stir the vessel on a conventional stirrer hotplate. This is a low cost way of undertaking simple synthetic pressurised reactions while keeping safely as the…
SciMed offers a range of flux dosing machines that can be used for any fusion bead making process. This product category page presents our range of machines from Fluxana. BORAMAT® Mono The Boromat Mono Doser is an automatic dosing machine for flux in XRF analysis. It is designed to improve the efficiency and precision of your weighing routine and save time in the sample preparation in your XRF laboratory. The intelligent software and monitoring functions minimise error and give security in the whole weighing process. Scales used with the machine can be, in most situations, provided by any manufacturer. BORAMAT®…
The quality and grade of crude oil is partly determined by the metal content as well as the sulfur content. Nickel and vanadium are important impurities to detect, as well as iron in some crudes and in residual oils. The metal content is particularly important in the quality of bunker fuels. ASTM D8252 covers the need to measure low levels of nickel and vanadium in crude to meet the new NYMEX/CME specifications for light sweet crude oil futures contract concerning maximum allowable levels the Ni and V. Rigaku offers the NEX QC+, a simple, versatile, and portable benchtop EDXRF analyzer…
The oil drilling industry can encounter a wide variety of samples, including rocks, scales, cements, cuttings, and muds throughout the drilling process. X-ray diffraction (XRD) is an essential tool for phase identification analysis of these commonly identified solids in the oil field
” Lubricating oils are given specific functional properties by mixing additives with base oil. In order to assure consistent and desirable performance, it is very important to control the concentrations of the additives during the lubricant manufacturing process. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry has become increasingly popular for quantitative elemental analysis of base oils as well as additives and lubricant products thanks to its high precision and simple sample preparation. With liquids, sample preparation for XRF typically means pouring the sample into a plastic cup equipped with a transparent film. Unlike traditional techniques, such as Inductively-Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES),…
Lubricating oils are given specific functional properties by mixing additives with base oil. In order to assure consistent and desirable performance, it is very important to control the concentrations of the additives during the lubricant manufacturing process. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry has become increasingly popular for quantitative elemental analysis of base oils as well as additives and lubricant products due to its high precision and simple sample preparation. With liquids, sample preparation for XRF typically means simply pouring the sample into a plastic cup with a transparent film. Unlike other techniques, such as Inductively-Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES), XRF…
Phosphorous, sulfur and chlorine are commonly analyzed elements in liquids such as petroleum products and organic solvents. For example, phosphorous is added to lubricating oils to prevent wear of gears under high pressure. Sulfur content in automotive fuel oils are regulated by the US environmental protection agency (EPA) and directives such as EURO VI to minimize air pollution due to automotive vehicles. Chlorine, contained for example in crude oil, is an unwanted element known for corroding oil processing installations and liquid transmission pipelines. To better meet demands of such applications, the benchtop wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescent (WDXRF) spectrometer Supermini200’s analyzing…
Lubricating oil is given functional properties for specific purposes by mixing additives with base oil. Therefore, it is very important to control concentrations of additive elements in production plants of lubricating oil. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry has been used for quantitative analysis of additive elements such as Mg, P and Zn in lubricating oil owing to high precision and simple sample preparation of XRF analysis. In the XRF analysis of lubricating oil, a sample is simply poured into a liquid cell, and any complicated treatment such as chemical decomposition or dilution is not required. This application note demonstrates quantitative analysis…
Crude oil contains sulfur in concentration from 0.5 mass% to 5.0 mass% typically, and control of the level of sulfur in refinery intermediates and final products is critical in a refinery. Sulfur in petroleum-based fuels contributes to atmospheric pollution; therefore, sulfur content in fuels, especially in automobile fuels, is strictly controlled. Sulfur also causes damage to facilities such as catalysts in refinery processes. Therefore, control of sulfur content is very important in the petroleum industry from the standpoints of both environment and production cost. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry has been used for quantitative analysis of sulfur in petroleum products, owing…
Crude oil is raw material for petroleum products and contains sulfur in concentration from 0.5 mass% to 5.0 mass% typically. Residual fuel oil and high-sulfur diesel fuel are mainly used for boilers and burners, agricultural machines, and long-distance mass transportation means, such as vessels and diesel locomotives of rail road, equipped with large engines. Sulfur compounds in petroleum cause various harmful influences such as air pollution, metal corrosion and catalyst degradation. Therefore, sulfur concentration of crude oil and high-sulfur fuels is monitored or controlled in refinery and production processes in the petroleum industry. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry has been used…
Electric arc furnace steelmaking, also called EAF, typically uses Direct reduced iron or ferrous scrap as the feed materials. In the electric arc furnace lime (calcium) is added to remove silicates and phosphorus. With the addition of oxygen the ferrous materials are essentially melted, while the remaining material is changed to oxide forms. The slag by-product, also called EAFS, contains relatively constant levels of these oxides and variable amounts of iron, calcium and silicon oxides. Monitoring the FeO levels indicates the efficiency of the process, while monitoring the ratio of CaO to SiO2 gives information on the basicity of the…
Measurement of additive elements P, S, Cl, Ca, Zn and Mo in lubricating oils by ASTM D7751 is demonstrated. Controlling additive elements when blending new, fresh lubricating oils is vital to ensure correct lubrication properties and minimizing production waste and product rejection. EDXRF is a fast and simple analytical technique for use by non-technical operators, yet powerful enough for expert use in the research & development of new lube oil formulations. To meet the industry needs in production and research Rigaku NEX DE offers compliance to D7751 Standard Test Method for Additive Elements in Lubricating Oils by EDXRF Analysis for…
Carbon black is made from coal tar and various petroleum tars from the cracking process. Carbon black is a crystalline form of carbon with very high surface area to volume ratio and is used mainly as a reinforcing filler in tires and used to strengthen engine hoses and gear belts. It is also used as copier toner inks and as pigment in polymers. The elemental characterization of the carbon black is critical to ensure proper quality of the various products. To meet this industry need Applied Rigaku Technologies offers Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF), ideal for the fast and simple…
Sulfur, vanadium and nickel occur naturally in crude oil, and their concentrations vary depending on the geographical region of the oil deposits. Depending on the region some crude may also contain measurable levels of calcium and iron. High metal content can foul the refining process during cracking, and so low metal crude is desirable. At the refinery as well as midstream at pipelines, transportation, gathering points and during blending a quick and easy means of screening and monitoring the metal content is a valuable tool in characterizing the quality of the crude before refining. Applied Rigaku Technologies meets the industry…
XRF is the most common method for testing waste oils, processed fuel oils and recycled fuel oil. It complies with methods such IP 503, IP 593 and IP 336. All heavy metals, toxic metal and transition metals derived form the wear of engines and other machinery can be tested
This Application Note shows performance for the elemental analysis of P, S, Ca, Zn, Mg, Ba, Cu and Cl in a typical lubricating oil formulation using the empirical method. Calibration summary and typical detection limits are presented, and instrument repeatability is demonstrated.The Rigaku NEX CG using the RPF-SQX fundamental parameters method coupled with a simple to create single-point Matching Library yields excellent performance for the elemental analysis of lube oils. The use of RPF-SQX greatly decreases or even eliminates the need for large suites of calibration standards. Rigaku’s approach to FP melds together automatic peak deconvolution with advanced matrix modeling…
Water-methanol-oil mixtures in varying compositions are used as additive in internal combustion engines. Here, water injection, also known as anti-detonant injection systems (ADI), is used to spray water or a water/methanol mixture into the fuel/air mixture in order to cool the introduction system avoiding premature ignition of the fuel. This leads to improved behavior in terms of engine knocking and compression ratio in engines of aircrafts and racing cars. Results are increased power and fuel efficiency, improved power output for short duration such as increase of thrust of jets during takeoff, and reduction of NOX and CO emissions by decreased…
Boron and silicon additives play an important role in gear oil as anti-friction and anti-foaming agents respectively. When in use these levels often deplete quickly, which reduces the effectiveness of the lubrication. Hence, B and Si are routinely measured in gear oil. However, ICP-OES levels of these elements is complicated by high viscosity and plasma loading of gear oils that require significant sample dilution. Besides, low sensitivities and unspecific spectral interferences from the organic matrix further add to relatively high matrix-specific detection limits in heavy oil fractions.
Analysis of Al, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Ni, P, Si, V and Zn in fuel oil. Non-specific spectral emission lines originating from the organic matrix often hamper analysis of these trace elements. The high-resolution of the PQ 9000 Elite ICP-OES overcomes these issues.
Vacuum Gas Oil (VGO) is a highly viscous left-over fraction of petroluem distillation, which is further subject to catalytic refinement. Here, a VGO sample is submitted for residual analysis of Al, As, Fe, Na, K, Ni, P, Pb, Si and V. Lack of soot formations and deposits is of importance in the configuration of the system.
In the product control of heavy oil fractions reduction of the matrix-specific detection limits is of great significance, yet the plasma performance at high sample loadings, sensitivity and spectral resolution are limiting factors. Here, an insulating oil sample used in electric transformer units was analysed for elemental specification analysis.
Sunflower oil is a vegetable oil that is commonly used as main component or supplement in food, such as frying oil, salad dressing, baby food, margarine, or mayonnaise. Furthermore, it is used as an additive in cosmetics, biodiesel, varnish, textiles, and pharmaceuticals. Sunflower oil is among the most widely produced vegetable oils and is obtained from the seeds of the sunflower plant. The production includes the initial oil extraction by pressing (cold or hot) and refining processes such as solvent extraction, degumming, bleaching, and dewaxing. Refining sunflower oil increases its heat stability for frying and cooking purposes but is known…
Crude oil always contains salt, either dissolved in water droplets or in form of crystalline salt. Since salt contents can cause problems by forming precipitates, accelerating corrosion processes or catalyst degradation during the refining process, crude oil is undergoing a desalting process. By-product of this process is water of high salt concentrations up to 26 % of mostly NaCl (smaller amounts of CaCL2 and MgCL2), so-called brine. Brine, as a product of petrochemical industry, is a starting material in other industries, e.g. as refrigerating fluid, in water purification or de-icing processes. One of the quality criteria for the further use of…
ultrasound is one of the cleanest, cheapest and most efficient ways to extract compunds from plant and other biological materials including sub-cellular DNA and RNA, juice and oils from plant mateials, botanicals and more recently the new trend in hemp extraction for CBD oil.
Calorific value determination of coal, coke and oil sources for power generation. Any powerstation that is burning coal, coke, oil, or SRD and RDF must know it’s energy value for deterining power generation. Parr calorimeters are a crucial tool for every day use for the analysis labs associated with power generation.
For many years now, the pharmaceutical industry has adopted Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) for various applications, particularly raw material identification and qualification. When the US FDA released its PAT Framework document in 2004, many of the larger innovator companies dedicated much time and effort into the development of NIRS for real time monitoring and control applications in solid dose manufacturing. One of the key processes targeted was Fluid Bed Drying (FBD) because of the static nature of the process and its criticality to downstream manufacturing operations. Many of these companies also used dynamic blenders for their blending operations, however, during…
Palm oil and palm kernel oil production has grown drastically in the last 50 years. With more than 30 %, it is the largest contributor to global oil and fat production. Traditionally the food and cosmetics industries are amongst the main consumers with a share of 70 % of the world palm oil production, followed by usage for biofuel production. Palm oil is used in products like margarine, oil, spreads, chocolate, cleaning agents, cosmetics, candles and many more. To improve taste characteristics and shelf life palm oil needs to be refined. But refined palm oil can pose a health risk to…
New methods for the production of alternative fuels are a growing field of interest. Technologies based on fermentation of starch and sugar, and the transesterification or hydrocracking of plant and animal oil, delivering so-called first generation biofuels, are already well established but linked to limited resources for ethical and ecological reasons. Another promising approach consists of processes based on the conversion of cellulose-rich biomass and waste (second generation biofuels). With the use of biogenic materials for fuel production, the inherently high amount of harmful nitrogen, sulfur and chlorine-containing hydrocarbons that results has to be monitored. Therefore, a strict monitoring of…
Determines the tendency of lubricating grease to separate oil during storage in a 35 lb pail. The sample is placed on a sieve inside a special test cell and subjected to 0.25psi (1.72kPa) air pressure at constant temperature. Any oil that bleeds from the grease during a 24 hour period is collected in the cell and weighed.
For determining the evaporation loss of lubricating oils, particularly engine oils. High temperatures can evaporate oil which may contribute to oil consumption in an engine and can lead to a change in the properties of an oil. A measured quantity of sample is placed in an evaporation crucible that is then heated to 245.2°C with a constant flow of air drawn through it for 60 minutes. The loss in mass of the oil is determined.
The ability of a turbine, hydraulic, or lubricating oil to separate entrained air is a key performance characteristic in applications where agitation causes a dispersion of air bubbles in the oil. To determine air release properties, the sample is heated to a specified test temperature and blown with compressed air. After the air flow is stopped, the time required for the air entrained in the oil to reduce in volume to 0.2% is the air bubble separation time.
Accelerated Laboratory and Field Procedure for the determination of corrosion of iron, in the presence of water, on samples such as gasoline and gasoline blended with 10% ethanol, E10 (Specification D4814); gasolineblend components (except butane); diesel fuel and biodiesel B5, except Grade No. 4-D (Specification D975); biodiesel B6 to B20 (Specification D7467); diesel-blend component such as light cycle-oil; No.1 fuel oil, No.2 fuel oil (Specification D396); aviation turbine fuel (Specification D1655)